All Things in Moderation

Vital Statistics:

Stocks are lower this morning on overseas weakness. Bonds and MBS are up.

It is April 15, and taxes are not due. People are starting to get their stimulus checks from the government. The Fed is beginning to advise on how to get the economy started again. On one hand, the economy cannot afford the roughly $25 billion a day in lost output the lockdown costs. On the other hand, if we re-open prematurely and have a second wave of infections, the economic costs could be worse. At the end of the day, people simply aren’t going to put up with this much longer. In places where there are few cases, people are simply going to ignore the edicts out of Washington and get back to work. The local governments are going to look the other way because they need the revenue as badly as people need their paychecks.

Mortgage Applications rose 7% as purchases fell 2% and refis increased 10%. Purchase activity will be muted as in-home showings and appraisal issues are a problem. Separately, the homebuilder sentiment index collapsed in April, from 60 to 30.

Retail sales fell 8.7% in March, as weakness in autos and gasoline was offset by an increase in TP and Purell.

Like the other big banks, Citi’s earnings took a hit as the company reserved $5 billion for expected defaults. Citi’s exposure is less in mortgages than, say Wells, but it is huge in credit cards and commercial real estate.

Industrial production fell 5.4% in March, while manufacturing production fell 6.3%. Capacity Utilization fell from 77% to 72.7%.

If you apply for forbearance, the initial negotiating position for most banks will be that the entire amount will be due immediately at the end of the forbearance period. For what its worth, I suspect this is to deal with the precautionary forbearance borrowers, those who are gaming the system by saying “I think I could get laid off, so I will suspend my mortgage payments for 90 days and keep them in the bank. At the end of the period, I will just send it all in at once.” At the end of the day, the government should have required some sort of proof of hardship. Given that the precautionary forbearance requests will compete with the people who actually need the help, servicers are overwhelmed with requests, and it seems forbearance will go to the borrowers who have the patience and free time to sit on hold for hours. The government really should have considered servicer capacity to handle requests (among other things) when it drafted the law.

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Vital Statistics:

Stocks are higher as we kick off earnings season and participants start to look forward to opening up the economy. Bonds and MBS are flattish.

JP Morgan reported earnings this morning. EPS came in at 78 cents a share, well below the $2.65 a year ago. $1.66 of the earnings hit was a reserve build for future credit losses. Originations almost doubled YOY to $28 billion and the loan portfolio shrank. The servicing portfolio also fell. The stock is up 3 bucks pre-open. No update on forbearance requests that I can see.

Wells reported a breakeven first quarter after charging 73 cents a share for reserve build. Origination was up 45% YOY to $48 billion. No update on forbearance requests that I can see. The stock is up a couple percent on the open.

Retail and hotel CMBS are missing April rent. “The market for commercial real estate mortgage loans in the United States stands on the brink of collapse,” real estate investment firm Colony Capital CEO Tom Barrack said in a Medium post late last month. “If these institutions are not permitted to maintain the flexibility and patience needed to undertake the loan restructuring efforts that will be critical to weathering the Covid-19 crisis, loan repayment demands are likely to escalate on a systemic level, triggering a domino effect of borrower defaults that will swiftly and severely impact the broad range of stakeholders in the entire real estate market, including property and home owners, landlords, developers, hotel operators and their respective tenants and employees.”

US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin reassured mortgage servicers on Monday that Treasury was aware of the problems in the sector. “We’re going to make sure that the market functions properly,” he told reporters at a White House briefing. He added that the Treasury Department has had discussions with the Federal Housing Finance Agency about the mortgage market. “We have all the appropriate people on it,” he said. “We’re very aware of the issue.” Meanwhile, NAR provided some cover fire for the industry.

CNBC is reporting that 2 million homeowners have applied for forbearance so far.

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Vital Statistics:

Stocks are down this morning on no real news. Bonds and MBS are flattish

As the COVID-19 crisis seems to have peaked, Washington is starting to think about how to get people back to work and the economy restarted. Dr. Fauci discussed that we could start reopening parts of the economy next month, although we have seen some instances overseas where the virus re-started.

Earnings season starts this week with the big banks all reporting. Analysts don’t have a clue as to how to handle guidance in this environment. The big question with the banks will be how many borrowers are requesting forbearance. So far, no help seems to be coming, at least from Fannie and FHFA.

JP Morgan has tightened up credit requirements – instituting minimum FICOs of 700 and minimum down payments of 20%. This doesn’t apply to its low income programs (JPM doesn’t really do FHA) but this is a good indication of where things are headed across the industry. A massive tightening of mortgage credit was definitely NOT what Congress had in mind when it drafted the CARES Act, but the unintended consequences are probably not going to stop there.

Good news for Ginnie Mae servicers: Ginnie Mae will advance P&I payments for delinquent borrowers under the Pass-Through Assistance Program (PTAP). Servicers can request once per month for Ginnie to advance P&I on their MBS. Servicers would still have to handle escrows. Prepayments should help Ginnie servicers get through April, and maybe even May. It won’t solve the issue for Fannie and Freddie issuers, but it is a start.

Freddie Mac is extending further help to borrowers affected by COVID-19 including loan modifications typically only used during natural disasters.

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Vital Statistics:

Stocks are higher this morning on optimism that things are turning the corner with the COVID-19 crisis. Bonds and MBS are up.

The bond market closes early today, and markets will be closed on Friday.

6.6 million people filed for unemployment benefits last week. That puts the number of COVID-19 job losses at around 16.5 million total.

The Fed unveiled a new round of measures to support the economy this morning. They include a program to augment the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program by supplying liquidity to banks that participate, allowing them to pledge the actual loans as collateral. The Fed will also purchase loans under the Main Street Lending Program. The TALF program will be increased and more direct aid will be sent to state and local governments.

The Main Street Program will offer 4 year loans to companies employing up to 10,000 workers with revenues under 2.5 billion. P&I will be deferred for one year. The banks will retain 5% of the loan, and can sell the remaining 95% to the Fed.

Interestingly there is still no facility for mortgage servicers. It looks like the issue is finally getting the attention of lawmakers, however we still don’t have anything. In his comments at the Brookings Institution, Fed Chairman Jerome Powell said that he is watching the mortgage servicers closely, which means the Fed is probably considering some sort of relief.

Looks like Wells is out of the penalty box, at least as far as SBA loans go.

Jerome Powell said the Fed will act “forcefully and aggressively” to until the economy fully recovers. “Many of the programs we are undertaking to support the flow of credit rely on emergency lending powers … We will continue to use these powers forcefully, proactively, and aggressively until we are confident that we are solidly on the road to recovery,” Powell said in prepared remarks for an online event hosted by the Brookings Institution.

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Vital Statistics:

Stocks are higher this morning the Trump Administration works to get the economy going again. Bonds and MBS are flat.

With the Fannie 2.5 over 104, the margin calls are back. The NY Fed needs to take a break.

The government is starting to work on getting the economy re-opened in the next four to eight weeks. The idea would be to start opening up areas which never really had too many cases to begin with, and slowly work everyone back in. Larry Kudlow said: “It’s the health people that are going to drive the medical-related decisions,” National Economic Council Director Larry Kudlow said in an interview with Politico webcast on Tuesday. “But I still believe, hopefully and maybe prayerfully, that in the next four to eight weeks we will be able to reopen the economy, and that the power of the virus will be substantially reduced and we will be able to flatten the curve.”

We will get the FOMC minutes out at 2:00 pm today. Usually the FOMC minutes are a non-event but today could be different. Of course MBS are marching to their own (NY Fed) drummer these days and are gently rising regardless of how the bond market is trading. At a minimum, it will make interesting reading.

Mortgage applications decreased 18% last week as purchases fell 19% and refis fell 12%. FWIW, pricing in the secondary market has been terrible for the past two weeks and that is flowing through to primary markets. Aggregators are pricing like they don’t want the business.

Mark Calabria said that no Fannie / Freddie servicing facility is going to be made available.

“Yes and no is the answer,” Calabria told HousingWire when asked whether FHFA has a plan similar to that of Ginnie Mae, which recently announced a program to aid servicers dealing with forbearance on loans backed by the Federal Housing Administration, Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Veterans Affairs.

“The yes is we continue to monitor Fannie and Freddie servicers,” Calabria said. “We are, at this point, comfortable with our ability to deal with any servicers that may be distressed so that we can either turn them into subservicers or transfer their servicing to other parties. And we believe at this point, given the number on uptake of forbearance, we’ve seen that we can transfer servicing in a way that’s not too disruptive.

“So, the yes is we have contingency plans and procedures put in place were this distress to happen,” Calabria continued. “So that’s the yes part. The no part is, do we have a liquidity facility that we will be providing via Fannie and Freddie? The answer’s no. We don’t have the resources at Fannie and Freddie to do that.”

Calabria is making a bet that forbearance requests will come in around 2% of servicing portfolios, noting the MBA said that 1.7% requested forbearance in a sample. Of course that was the first week, so it probably is premature to say that is the number. But he isn’t buying the 25% estimates some are throwing around, at least for non-Ginnie servicers. For Ginnie servicers, he can buy that number. FWIW, this kind of feels like a Lehman Brothers moment for the servicers.

Well, this news isn’t doing anything for servicing in the bulk market.  I heard that Fannie Mae servicing trading at 1x- 2x. Freddie is 1x and GNMA is 1x to negative. In normal markets, Ginnie is a little south of 3x and Fannie is around 4x. I don’t know if theoretical marks are going to take such a dramatic hit, but if they do, bank earnings are going to take a hit next week.

The MBA sent out a statement urging FHFA to reconsider.

“The FHFA Director’s recent statements send a troubling message to borrowers, lenders, and the mortgage market. Servicers are required to offer borrowers widespread forbearance under a plan devised and approved first by FHFA and then codified by the CARES Act. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are contractually obligated for the payments to investors. Since Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will eventually reimburse mortgage servicers for the payments they must advance during forbearance, Director Calabria should advocate for the creation of a liquidity facility at the Fed to ensure the stability of the housing finance market.

Finally, Anthony Hsieh had this to say on Linked In last night:

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Vital Statistics:

Stocks are sharply higher again this morning as the COVID-19 fever seems to be breaking. Bonds and MBS are down, though MBS are still holding up better than the bond market.

There seems to be a sense that the COVID-19 crisis has passed the exponential growth phase and is entering the manageable growth phase. I suspect we will be talking about getting people back to work by the end of the month. Bottom line, the longer this drags on, the more people are going to ignore the stay-at-home warnings.

Home Prices rose 4.1% in February, according to CoreLogic. That said, it is old data and doesn’t really reflect what may be about to occur. “The nearly 10-year-old recovery of the U.S. housing market has run headlong into the panic and uncertainty from the global COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of home value trends, we are in uncharted territory as we battle the outbreak with measures that are generating a never-before-seen, rapid downshift in economic activity and employment. We expect that many homeowners will initially be somewhat cushioned by government programs, ultra-low interest rates or have adequate reserves to weather the storm. Over the second half of the year, we predict unemployment and other factors will become more pronounced, which will apply additional pressure on housing activity in the medium term.” The NYC metro area is most likely to bear the brunt of any negative price movements due to COVID-19. Note that Connecticut’s price appreciation was negative in February to begin with.

Meanwhile, New Jersey and Florida seem to be most likely to be hit by Coronavirus foreclosures. “Some parts of the country have seen home prices surge way past what average wage earners can afford, while others may be seeing equity lag if prices have flattened out recently or dipped,” Todd Teta, ATTOM’s chief product officer, said in a statement. “Homeowners who bought in the past year, at the top of the market, are more likely to fall into that group.” In New Jersey, five of those counties were in the New York City suburban area. They included Bergen, Essex, Passaic, Middlesex, and Union counties.

Nationstar (aka Mr. Cooper) said that 86,000 people requested forbearance already. Requests ranged from 8,000 – 22,000 a day through last Friday. This represents 2.5% of its customer base. Jay Bray, Mr. Cooper’s CEO said: “It’s frankly frustrating and ridiculous that we do not have a solution in place,” said Bray, talking about an advance facility for servicers “There is going to be complete chaos. We’re the largest nonbank. We have a strong balance sheet, but for the industry as a whole you’re going to start seeing problems soon.” Estimates for the number of forbearance requests range from about 2 million from the government to 12 million from the Urban Institute.

There is a massive moral hazard problem with forbearance that the government just hasn’t thought through. In 2008, you had to prove hardship to get a mod on your mortgage. Now you merely have to attest that you have been affected (and the CARES act says “directly or indirectly”). No proof required. I suspect the government’s 2 million estimate (~4% of homes with a mortgage) is probably too low. Urban Institute’s 24% is probably going to be closer to the mark. The limiting factor on this will simply be staffing for servicers. They probably don’t have have the people to handle 12 million forbearance requests. Heck, they probably don’t have enough for 2. What happens if someone can’t get through to their servicer, stops paying, and never gets approval? Or gets partially through the process, gives up, and stops paying without a plan?

Aggregators are already telling originators that any loan that requests forbearance within the first two weeks of purchase is getting pushed back to the originator. I have already received several unsolicited emails from funds looking to buy this paper. I think GNMA has said that loans in forbearance are ineligible for pooling in GII securities. Warehouse lenders are refusing to fund FHA and VA loans below 640, and aggregators seem to be moving towards a 680 minimum.

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Vital Statistics:

Stocks are higher as  early signs show a plateauing in the COVID-19 crisis. Bonds and MBS are down.

Ex-MBA President Dave Stevens penned an editorial in Housing Wire that is worth a read. The CARES act mortgage forbearance policy is wreaking havoc on the mortgage banking system in general. The unintended consequences of this must be dealt with immediately. The servicers are Ground Zero of the crisis, as the CARES act requires them to make advances they don’t have. Ginnie Mae envisions a facility to make advances, but so far the GSEs do not. Also, the government’s estimate that only 750,000 homeowners will take advantage of this program is simply wishful thinking. There are probably 50 million mortgaged properties in the US. 10 million people lost their jobs in the last two weeks.  Dave Stevens argues that the government must establish an advance line facility for Fannie and Freddie loans, and they need to be clear on how advances will be replenished. The cost of not figuring this out is already evident:

Bid-ask spreads have widened, servicing bids have all but dried up or are being severely curtailed, lenders are having to pull back on minimum credit score, maximum DTI, certain loan products, and more. The Jumbo market is all but gone, especially in the third-party channels. In short, any prospective homebuyer right now is more likely to find fewer or no options for mortgage financing. This is greatly the outcome of the massive uncertainty surrounding the rollout of these federal interventions.

We are going to start hearing about some of the more tangible effects when the banks start reporting first quarter earnings in about a week. I can’t imagine what JP Morgan and Wells are going to have to say. Note JP Morgan is already publicly musing about cutting the dividend.

Black Knight Financial Services has a white paper discussing how to navigate the COVID-19 environment.

Bank of America has seen massive demand for the SBA Payroll Protection loans. Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan said that the bank would serve its borrowing customers (i.e. existing clients) first. There remain issues regarding reps and warrants relief for fraud and money laundering, which have to get solved before the banks will really start doing these.

St. Louis Fed President James Bullard said that the COVID-19 stimulus bill was the correct size, and another one is probably not needed. He envisions the US economy having a sharp rebound once this is over.

New York is beginning to plan for re-opening business.

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Vital Statistics:

Stocks are flattish after the jobs report. Bonds and MBS are flat as well.

Jobs report data dump:

• Nonfarm payrolls down 710,000
• Unemployment rate 4.4%
• Labor force participation rate 62.7%
• Average hourly earnings up 3.1%

Job losses were concentrated in the service sector, with leisure and hospitality losing 459k jobs. Health care lost 61k jobs (mainly support people) and construction was down as well. FWIW, the 710k number is probably not representative of what is really going on – it will be the cumulative weekly initial jobless claims, which are at something like 10 million.

The government is supposed to launch its SBA loan program next week. Apparently many banks will be sitting out. The biggest concern will be reps and warrants, especially when it comes to preventing fraud. The banking system remembers well when the Obama Administration used the False Claims Act to extract massive penalties with FHA lending. Many of those banks, like JPM, never returned to the sector. Also, the requirements to prevent terrorist financing and money laundering, which under the best circumstances takes weeks to do. Finally, the rate the banks will be forced to charge will be too low and will cost them money. But there will have to be reps and warrants relief to get banks to participate. They remember what happened in 2009 and 2010 too well.

All of the Fed’s buying has driven its balance sheet up to 5.86 trillion in assets. Before 2008, it was about $800 billion.

While most of us are focused on what COVID-19 is doing to the residential market, the commercial market is even worse. The CMBS market is completely frozen. Multifamily, retail, office tenants etc are simply not paying rent right now, and that is going to cascade onto the balance sheets of the banks.

There had been talk of a Fed facility to allow servicers to borrow to make advances to bondholders. It looks like that isn’t going to happen, at least not yet. Treasury wants to get a read on how many borrowers actually take advantage of the program. The problem is that if you tell someone that they can skip the next few payments on their mortgage, with no hit to their credit rating, no penalties, and the missed payments will just get tacked on to the end of the mortgage, who isn’t going to take advantage of it? A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow.

Moody’s has downgraded the non-bank mortgage sector from “stable” to “negative” as the financial markets seize up. We have seen the big non-agency mortgage REITs like New Rez, Two Harbors, and Redwood make distressed asset sales in order to meet margin calls.

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Vital Statistics:

Stocks are flattish after a record 6.6 million people file for unemployment. Bonds and MBS are flat.

So, with last week’s revised filing of 3.3 million, a total of 10 million people have lost their jobs over the Coronavirus. Compared to the roughly 200k cases in the US, that works out to be 50 jobs lost per case. That puts the cost of social distancing in perspective.

Construction spending fell 1.3% MOM and rose 6% YOY. These are February numbers, so they were still largely unaffected by the COVID-19 crisis.

Pretty much everyone has gone to 680 minimum FICOs on FHA loans now. Secondary bulk buyers are pulling back their bids for all loans as well. Everybody is padding margins to take into account the various risks in the financial system.

Good piece on mortgage forbearance and what needs to be done. Bottom line, you can’t just stop paying your mortgage and assume everything is fine. Call your servicer before you start missing payments. FHFA Director Mark Calabria estimates that 700,000 mortgage will need forbearance. Given that 10 million people lost their jobs in the past two weeks, that number is probably way too low.

New York State has loosened restrictions on in-person showings, appraisals and inspections.

Rent was due yesterday for the nation’s renters. Washington is looking for a way to get some relief to them. New York State is considering allowing the security deposit to take the place of rent. I know that Fannie and Fred are allowing forbearance for multifam investors, but I have not seen anything for 2-4 units specifically. The multifam relief is conditional on a freeze of evictions.

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Vital Statistics:

Stock indices are lower as we kick off the second quarter. Bonds and MBS are up small.

The Fed took up just 53% of the bonds offered to them yesterday. It sounds like they are backing off on their aggressive buying which was triggering margin calls throughout the industry.

Speaking of margin calls, it looks like New Rez has a deal to buy $6.1 billion of non-agency bonds. No price was indicated, but a couple days ago New Rez cut its dividend by 90% and said that book value was down about 25% – 30% from the 12/31 mark.

Impac recently said it would suspend lending operations for two weeks after a whole loan investor went radio-silent about its commitment to purchase whole loans. They have let go most of their employees.

I can’t see how the non-QM market comes out of this as anything more than a portfolio product for banks who have the werewithall to hold the paper. While I would bet the vast majority of these non-QM loans are money good and will perform as expected, they simply aren’t suitable for repo financing. Securitize them or hold them.

The economy lost 27,000 jobs in March, according to the ADP jobs report. In the previous report the economy gained 183k. Small business bore the brunt of the job losses, losing 90k. The Street is expecting a -150k print for Friday’s job report. with the unemployment rate increasing from 3.5% to 3.9%. The government just passed a stimulus bill with aid to help small businesses get through this period. Many are hoping to hold on until the cavalry arrives.

Mortgage applications rose 15% last week as purchases fell 11% and refis rose 26%.

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