All Things in Moderation

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Stocks are declining again as Bank of America stunk up the joint with an earnings miss. MBA mortgage applications increased Commodities are still coming in. Bonds and MBS are up

Bank of America’s miss was largely due to lower mortgage banking income and declining gains on the sale of debt securities. They funded $25 billion in mortgages and home equity loans in Q1, up 11% from Q4 and up 56% from a year ago. In spite of the increase in loans originated, margins fell such that core production revenue was $815 million, down from $928 million a year earlier. Delinquencies fell. Headcount fell by 4,378 during the quarter. Separately, they agreed to a $500 million settlement to end a class action lawsuit over Countrywide MBS.

Is the economy headed for a spring swoon? Indicators are starting to point down, and earnings season has not been the blockbuster that the street was expecting. Another year of “sell in May and go away?”

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Markets are lower after disappointing retail sales data. JP Morgan and Wells Fargo reported numbers that beat on the headline, but both are down. Bonds and MBS are rallying, with the 10-year yield back below 1.74%.

Retail sales dropped in March by .4%, the most in 9 months. February was revised down. Apparel, furniture and Home improvement retailers reported gains. Electronics stores reported decreases. Given the lousy jobs report last Friday, it isn’t surprising that retail sales fell. Just crossing the tape:  Barclay’s has taken down Q1 GDP estimates to 2.8% from 3.2% as a result.

Wells Fargo reported record Q4 earnings, with mortgage originations of $109 billion, down from $125 billion in Q4. MSR valuations were lowered as increasing real estate prices affect prepayment assumptions (Their average MSR note rate is 4.69%). The pipeline is $74 billion, down from $81 billion at the end of Q4. 

The IMF is worrying that all of this easy money is going to inflate bubbles elsewhere. IMO, that train has already left the station. A commodity boom and easy money has created a real estate bubble in Canada that is even more expensive than ours was at the peak (median house price to median income ratio is above 5x, while ours peaked around 4.8x in 2006). We probably do have a bond bubble, however the Fed is running the show there and given that it is purchasing 70% of all Treasury issuance, can pretty much handle it has it pleases. 

Note: The MR will be spotty next week as I will be on the Left Coast

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Markets are flattish this morning after initial jobless claims came in lower than expected at 346k. They dropped 42k from last week, which spiked due to a seasonal adjustment related to the Easter holiday. Import prices fell half a percent on lower energy costs.Bonds and MBS are up.

Ever since the Bank of Japan announced its quantitative easing program, the market has been speculating that Japanese investors would enter the US market en masse and purchase Treasuries. There has been plenty of anecdotal evidence, but no real numbers to work with. Yesterday’s 10 year auction didn’t provide any either – the bid to cover ratio was 1.8 which was a little light. 

FHA might need a little more money from the government. They have $30 billion of cash on hand and insure $1.1 trillion in loans. The Administration is projecting they might need another billion. It looks like it was the reverse-mortgage business that hammered them.

One of the interesting things about the latest FOMC minutes is that the dispersion of opinion regarding the future of QE appears to be widening. Some wanted to end QE now, while others not only want to continue it, they want to increase it. Nonvoting hawk Charles Plosser said the Fed would be wise to begin unwinding its balance sheet now.

SIFMA lays into Obama’s proposed 2014 budget. It sounds like ETF investors could be in for a nasty surprise. They support the Administration’s proposal to create bonds for financing infrastructure spending, but pretty much pan everything else. The proposal is loaded with new taxes on capital Suffice it to say, if you are an investor, the administration is gunning for you.

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Stock markets are higher this morning in anticipation of the Fed minutes which will be released this morning at 9:00 am (a change from their usual 2:00 pm time).  Market participants will focus on hints regarding the end of quantitative easing. Mortgage Applications rose 4.5% last week on the back of the BOJ-led rally in the bond market and MBS. Treasury will also be conducting a 10-year auction around 1:00 pm. It will be interesting to see if the bid / cover ratio is affected by events in Japan. Bonds and MBS are down small.

Earnings season kicked of on Tuesday with Alcoa reporting better than expected earnings, but weaker sales. Retailers Fastenal and Family Dollar are down this morning after missing. We will get JP Morgan and Wells Friday morning before the open.

The President plans to release a $3.77 trillion budget today. He is proposing $1.8 trillion in new spending (although to be fair, that is to replace the sequester). He is also instituting a AMT II on incomes over $1 million of 30%. He also proposes to cap IRAs at $3 million, end carried interest, and to raise taxes on tobacco. He will also propose changes to the way cost-of-living adjustments are calculated – aka Chained CPI – to Social Security. Given that taxes and spending both increase pretty dramatically, the plan is DOA in the house.

It turned out the Fed mistakenly released the minutes early. Still don’t have the actual link, but here are some of the particulars: Economy re-accelerating after Q4 slowdown. Private nonfarm payroll increased at a modest rate in January, but expanded more briskly in Feb. (We now know that March was a disaster). The Fed asked primary dealers about their expectations for when the Fed will start tightening (are they running the Fed according to polls now?) and the view seems to be Q114 for the end of QE and Q315 for the first increase in the Fed Funds Rate. They noted that there did not seem to be much of a pullback in the economy in response to the tax hikes that kicked in Jan 1. Opinions about QE were all over the place, with some wanting to end it now and others wanting to increase the pace of purchases.

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Markets are higher this morning on no real news. The Japanese Yen continues to fall, and is now approaching 100 yen to the dollar. The new program of quantitative easing in Japan is re-igniting the yen carry trade, except now the Japanese are borrowing yen to invest in US dollar assets. In case you missed it, Japan’s Nikkei 225 stock market index is up 52% since November. Incredible move. Japan’s QE program will mean incrementally lower rates on US long-dated Treasuries and MBS. Bonds and MBS are flat this morning.

Alcoa kicks off Q1 earnings season after the close today. We will get JP Morgan and Wells Fargo earnings on Thursday before the open.

Friday’s lousy jobs report probably means that any talk of ending QE this summer is probably over. After 3 consecutive economic slumps over the summer months, the Fed is going to stay aggressive. Chicago Fed President Charles Evans said “I’m going to have a lot more confidence if I begin to see indications that growth is well above trend and its going to be sustainable.” The Fed is going to be wary of reducing stimulus given that the fiscal policy has tightened a little bit.

Fannie Mae’s surprise profit has investors re-thinking the theory that they will be euthanized. Hedge funds are jumping into the preferred stock, which was issued in spring of 2008 as Fannie Mae was circling the drain before becoming nationalized. The 8.25% prefs have a $25 face value and were trading at $4.81 on Friday. All of this is predicated on the idea that Fannie Mae will be able to pay back the government. Once that happens, Fannie will restructure, and the bet is that there will be a place in the capital structure for the prefs. Risky bet, obviously, but big upside too.

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They’re beating the tape with the ugly stick after a dismal jobs report. The S&P 500 futures dropped from -4 to -16 on the report. The 10-year jumped on the news and is now yielding 1.7%.  It is hard to believe the 10 year was above 2% three weeks ago. MBS are rallying as well, but not as much as the 10-year. 

The March Employment Situation showed the economy added 88,000 jobs in March, well below the 190,000 estimate. February was revised upward to 268,000 from 236,000.  The unemployment rate ticked down to 7.6% from 7.7%, but that was due to a drop in the labor force participation rate, which dropped .2% from 63.5% to 63.3%. This means that the size of the labor pool dropped as more workers simply stopped looking for a job.  Long-term unemployed workers who are not actively looking for a job are not counted as part of the labor force. Wages were flat month-over-month and increased 2% year-over-year. 

The recent rally in bonds pours cold water on the “great rotation” theory –  the idea that 2013 would be the year when investors, particularly big institutional investors, change their target asset allocation and sell bonds to buy equities. So far, it seems like that investors are allocating money equally to both sectors – stock funds have taken in $79 billion while taxable bond funds have taken in $76 billion. Between the Bank of Japan’s QE program, which is driving funds to the US, the Fed’s QE program, and continued investor purchases of bonds, the expected 2013 bloodbath in the bond market may be held off for a while. Meanwhile, mortgage bankers are licking their chops thinking about another refi wave.  

Chart:  US Unemployment rate 1949-Present 

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Markets are giving back some Japan-led gains after Initial Jobless Claims spiked to 385k from 357k. This was the holiday-shortened Easter week, so there is a seasonality adjustment there.  On a non-seasonally adjusted basis, they fell. Bonds and MBS are rallying, with the 10 year yield down to 1.77%.

The Bank of Japan outlined more aggressive monetary actions last night with their own version of quantitative easing. This pushed the Nikkei 225 stock market index up 2%, and caused a sizeable drop in the yen.  This explains the rally in US bonds as Japanese investors flee for the “high yielding” US treasury market.  Don’t laugh – the Japanese 40 year bond (the 2’s of 52) yields 1.34%.  The US 10-year at 1.77%, in the context of a depreciating yen, is reviving the yen carry trade. The Yen Carry Trade is when Japanese investors borrow funds at yen rates and invest in high-yielding sovereign debt. They benefit from the pickup in yield and any favorable currency movements. With the high quality Euro sovereigns yielding even lower than the US, we are the only game in town. Punch line – this will put downward pressure on mortgage rates in the US, at least at the margin.

The CoreLogic Home Price Index increased 10.2% on a year-over-year basis in February, the highest increase since March of 2006.  It is the 12th consecutive monthly increase.  The gains were broad based, with 96% of their MSAs reporting gains.  California, Arizona, and Nevada all showed gains in the high teens.   They are forecasting a 2% month over month increase in March, or 12% year over year.

Chart:  CoreLogic Home Price Index 

Hank Paulson, George Bush’s Secretary of Treasury, says that Fannie Mae’s new profitability shouldn’t deter the government from establishing a new platform for mortgage finance. He mentioned the Washington Post article that says the Administration is pushing banks to make home loans to people with weaker credit. Nominated to take over as Treasury Secretary just as the housing bubble was peaking, he can be forgiven for being a little gun-shy on re-inflating the bubble.

San Francisco Fed President John Williams said he is hopeful that “the economy has shifted into high gear” and that the Fed could begin slowing the purchases of Treasuries and MBS this summer, with a full exit by the end of the year.

Finally, you can hear my latest interview on Capital Markets Today, where I discuss real estate pricing, politics, and the economy.

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Markets are flat after a mixed ADP Employment report.  They forecast that the private sector added 158k jobs in March, below the 200k estimate.  February was revised upward, however to 237k. Mortgage Applications fell 4%.  Bonds and MBS are flat

The Obama administration is pushing banks to lend to borrowers with weaker credit, encouraging them to use FHA loans and to use more subjective judgment in determining whether to offer a loan. Of course the CFPB has already drawn a line in the sand with DTI. Housing officials are urging the Justice Department to provide assurances to banks that they will not face legal consequences if they comply and the borrowers subsequently default. Working against this initiative is that (a) the CFPB has drawn a bright line around the qualifying mortgage and (b) Ginnie Mae will flush an originator when they get 5% to 10% portfolio delinquencies. 

On the other hand, credit IS easing, especially for those who had short sales or foreclosures during the housing bust. Of the 7 million borrowers who had a foreclosure or a short sale, about 1 million are eligible for an FHA mortgage. Second, the return of the private label market (however small) will allow borrowers who don’t fit in the government bucket or the super high quality jumbo bucket to get financing.

Fannie Mae’s record profit has some questioning the future of the housing finance. According to the Administration’s White Paper, the intention seemed to be that the government would euthanize Fan and Fred and replace them with an entity that would act as a re-insurer. However, with more pressing issues facing the Administration, dealing with the GSEs has taken a back seat. In the interim, they are improving their balance sheets and have paid back nearly half of what they owe to the government. And with the stock approaching $1.00, the 4.6 billion shares owned by the government start to become significant. It will become harder to kill the company when the stock is worth some money.  That is obviously what the market has figured out, as the stock has tripled since Fannie announced they will be profitable nearly 3 weeks ago.

Chart:  Fannie Mae Stock Price:

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