Morning Report: Digesting the Fed decision

Vital Statistics:

Stocks are lower this morning after markets digest the Fed move yesterday. Bonds and MBS are up.

As expected, the Fed didn’t make any changes to the Fed Funds rate, and the dot plot became marginally more hawkish. You can see the comparison between December (left) and March (right) below. The central tendency is for 50 basis points of cuts this year.

The forecast for 2025 economic growth was revised downward from 2.1% to 1.7%, while the unemployment rate was bumped up to 4.4% from 4.3%. The estimate for headline PCE inflation increased from 2.5% to 2.7%, while the estimate for core PCE inflation rose from 2.5% to 2.8%.

Despite the hawkish plot and forecast, bonds rallied because the Fed is reducing quantitative tightening, and will cap runoff at $5 billion per month instead of $25 billion per month. This will create incremental demand for Treasuries at bond auctions, which will help absorb supply. The Fed did not adjust its runoff for MBS.

The press conference prepared remarks are here. The highlights are below:

Economic activity continued to expand at a solid pace in the fourth quarter of last year, with GDP rising at 2.3 percent. Recent indications, however, point to a moderation in consumer spending following the rapid growth seen over the second half of 2024.  Surveys of households and businesses point to heightened uncertainty about the economic outlook. It remains to be seen how these developments might affect future spending and investment.

In the labor market, conditions remain solid. Payroll job gains averaged 200 thousand per month over the past three months. The unemployment rate, at 4.1 percent, remains low and has held in a narrow range for the past year. The jobs-to-workers gap has held steady for several months. Wages are growing faster than inflation, and at a more sustainable pace than earlier in the pandemic recovery. Overall, a wide set of indicators suggests that conditions in the labor market are broadly in balance. The labor market is not a source of significant inflationary pressures

Inflation has eased significantly over the past two years but remains somewhat elevated relative to our 2 percent longer-run goal. Estimates based on the Consumer Price Index and other data indicate that total PCE prices rose 2.5 percent over the 12 months ending in February and that, excluding the volatile food and energy categories, core PCE prices rose 2.8 percent. Some near-term measures of inflation expectations have recently moved up. We see this in both market- and survey-based measures, and survey respondents, both consumers and businesses, are mentioning tariffs as a driving factor. Beyond the next year or so, however, most measures of longer-term expectations remain consistent with our 2 percent inflation goal.

Looking ahead, the new Administration is in the process of implementing significant policy changes in four distinct areas: trade, immigration, fiscal policy, and regulation. It is the net effect of these policy changes that will matter for the economy and for the path of monetary policy. While there have been recent developments in some of these areas, especially trade policy, uncertainty around the changes and their effects on the economic outlook is high. We do not need to be in a hurry to adjust our policy stance, and we are well positioned to wait for greater clarity.

Finally, the Fed Funds futures now see a 70% chance for a rate cut at the June meeting, and have 3 cuts this year as the most likely scenario. We will probably see 25 at the June, September and December meetings.

If we take the 4 issues Powell mentioned: trade, immigration, fiscal policy and regulation, we can talk about how it affects growth and inflation.

Trade: tariffs will be a net negative for growth and inflation, at least in the short term. Trump is hoping that tariffs will either (a) force our trading partners to reduce their tariffs or (b) increase investment in domestic production. If (a) happens, that is a positive for growth and inflation. If (b) happens, that is probably good for growth, but not so much for inflation. If a trade war is the result, it will be bad for growth and inflation.

Immigration: Reducing immigration will probably be bad for inflation and growth in the short term. That said, it probably won’t have a big impact either way.

Fiscal Policy: Reducing government spending will reduce GDP and inflation. As government workers are cut, and contracts decrease, the labor market will weaken.

Regulation: Deregulation generally reduces costs, so it will be positive for inflation and growth.

I suspect the net effect of all of this will be minimal, but the possibility for outsized effects remain a tail risk. So chances are it won’t affect monetary policy one way or the other. Notwithstanding the jump in inflationary expectations out of the UMich consumer sentiment survey, pricing on 5 year TIPS remains more or less in the same range it has been in for the past 2 years. The pricing on 10 year TIPS is even less dramatic.

36 Responses

  1. Republicans are immensely unpopular in (checks notes) Wyoming, y’all.

    Trump’s doomed.

    Like

  2. Clearly, this is the extent of the “ideological spectrum on the right” as represented by David Brooks, Ross Douthat, David French and Bret Stephens.

    Patrick Healy: David, Bret, David, Ross: Donald Trump is the only president in our lifetimes who’s had a net-negative job approval rating in his first 100 days in office. Trump also has the largest gap in approval ratings in 80 years — 90 percent of Republicans like his performance, while only 4 percent of Democrats do. Those Trump supporters are really on board with him; more registered voters think America is on the right track than at any point since 2004, according to a new NBC News poll. To be clear, a majority still say America’s on the wrong track, and Trump’s polling on the economy is sagging. But I want to dig into why more voters feel better about America’s direction now than compared to under Presidents George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Joe Biden and Trump 1.0.

    And I wanted to do so through the eyes of my more conservative colleagues. The four of you span the ideological spectrum on the right, and you’ve all written extensively about Trump. Why do so many Republicans like the direction Trump is taking the country in? Is it about his style, or his policies, or the mind-set and mood of the G.O.P., or something else?

    https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/21/opinion/trump-administration-polling.html

    Like

    • This strikes me as closer to the mark:

      Sen. Gallego’s formulation provides a helpful frame: will my policy agenda help Americans achieve their dreams — not just stability? And it leads to some more specific questions that “abundance” advocates should ask themselves:

      1. Will my agenda make it easier to buy a big-ass truck?
      2. Will voters find me credible when I say my agenda will help them buy a big-ass truck?

      Republicans are the traditional party of the big-ass truck, because Democrats have been the party of fuel-efficiency standards, electric vehicle mandates, carbon pricing, restrictions on domestic oil and gas production, and higher taxes — all policies that make owning and operating a big-ass truck more costly.

      https://www.joshbarro.com/p/abundance-liberals-have-a-carbon

      Like

    • This one made me laugh,

      Republicans and Democrats have very negative views of each other, and many Republicans (sadly!) want their opponents to suffer. They’re actually happy to see people lose their jobs or to see nonprofits lose funding if those people are perceived as part of the “deep state” or RINOs.

      No mention of the converse, interesting.

      Like

    • Washington General Conservatives.

      Like

  3. I didn’t think any government spending could surprise me, but this did. Plus, the butthurt is just,… chef’s kiss.

    “The federal government must push back on the Trump administration’s blatant foreign interference in our independent research in the strongest possible terms,” NTEU president Alison Barnes said.

    https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/prime-minister-urged-to-call-emergency-meeting-after-trump-administration-cuts-funding-to-seven-australian-universities/news-story/2849b3274db1cc6a1774b1991106b6da

    Like

  4. Maybe I’m not understanding Anne here,

    Was it better when Europeans had delusions about the U.S.?

    And while I’m thinking about it, I thought lefties didn’t believe in stereotypes?

    Like

  5. Interesting.

    Like

    • Delaware was always one of the more shareholder-friendly states, and that is why a lot of companies incorporated there. If you incorporate in a state like Pennsylvania or Ohio, you are generally takeover-proof and your stock gets a multiple that reflects that fact.

      I could see Texas becoming the state where companies incorporate.

      Like

  6. lol

    Like

  7. Worth reading:

    Mar 21, 2025 7:00 AM ET

    What the Venezuelans Deported to El Salvador Experienced

    by Philip Holsinger

    Reporting from San Luis Talpa, El Salvador

    Holsinger is an American photojournalist based out of Nashville, Tenn.

    https://time.com/7269604/el-salvador-photos-venezuelan-detainees/

    https://time.com/7268733/el-salvador-mega-prison-cecot-trump-deportations/

    Like

    • How is it not authoritarian to sic Big Law on your political opponents, but it IS authoritarian to punch back?

      Like

  8. Not sure how to react to this story that Jeffrey Goldberg was on a Signal thread with the Administration covering the raid on Yemen.

    I think the most likely explanation is that Goldberg is making it all up, and the second most likely explanation is that there was a leak, and the Admin needs to find a mole.

    Like

    • Looks like Mike Walsh was the one who added JG. My guess is a staffer set up the chat and either he or Walsh had him on their contacts and that is the real scandal. I guarantee there were no war plans on there just messaging advice and bitching, but the issue Walsh faces is MAGA, they never have trusted him and have been looking for a reason to get rid of him, it will be a bumpy couple of days for Walsh and his COS.

      Like

    • It’s not fake as far as I can tell. They are just that sloppy.

      Good piece on it and how Goldberg is selective in what he’s releasing.

      Publish the Leaked Trump Texts
      Biggest leak yet for Trump falls prey to media paternalism
      Ken Klippenstein
      Mar 24, 2025

      The Atlantic announced today that its editor was inadvertently added to a group text including the Vice President, CIA Director, Secretary of Defense and National Security Advisor where they discussed Yemen war moves and other matters of national security. The Trump administration’s carelessness would soon be outdone by the squeamishness of the magazine.

      Editor-in-chief Jeffrey Goldberg took the scoop of a lifetime and chose to act as gatekeeper, publishing only the most innocuous tidbits like what emojis different officials used and their goofy backslapping instead of the actual news. It is one of the worst cases of media paternalism, what I call highchair journalism — open up for your infotainment, here comes the airplane: Trump officials used emojis, LOL! — but also a disturbing reminder of how much the mainstream media have been co-opted by the national security state.

      “I will not quote from this … or from certain other subsequent texts,” the Atlantic’s editor-in-chief Jeffrey Goldberg wrote of the Trump administration messages to which he was privy. “The information contained in them, if they had been read by an adversary of the United States, could conceivably have been used to harm American military and intelligence personnel, particularly in the broader Middle East, Central Command’s area of responsibility.”

      He sounds more like a Pentagon spokesman than a journalist dedicated to informing the public.

      https://www.kenklippenstein.com/p/trump-admin-caught-making-war-by

      Like

  9. Darth Vader Accidentally Adds Admiral Ackbar To Holochat Planning Alderaan Bombing

    World · Mar 25, 2025 · BabylonBee.com

    MUSTAFAR — The Galactic Empire was forced into damage control mode this week after it was revealed that Darth Vader had realized that he had mistakenly added Rebel Alliance leader Admiral Ackbar to a holochat about planning the Alderaan bombing.

    https://babylonbee.com/news/well-crap-darth-vader-realizes-he-added-admiral-ackbar-to-holochat-planning-alderaan-bombing

    Like

  10. It takes a heart of stone not to laugh.

    Gell Mann Amnesia, do your thing!

    Like

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