All Things in Moderation

Vital Statistics:

Markets are slightly lower this morning after last week’s big rally.  This week looks to be relatively light data-wise.  4Q earnings season kicks off tomorrow with Alcoa announcing after the close. Bonds are up small after last week’s sell-off and MBS are flat. 

Basel has relaxed some of the requirements for the liquidity coverage ratio, and delayed the implementation in response to requests from the ECB. The ECB feared that the new requirements would lead to a credit crunch and would require banks to be over-invested in sovereign debt. Now banks will be allowed to count corporate debt, residential MBS, and even equities as liquid assets.  While MBS and bond price behavior is dominated by the Fed and QE, the net effect will push banks to hold MBS and sell Treasuries, so you should be aware that the 10-year could sell off and MBS could rally. 

On the other side of the coin, last week’s sell off in bonds and MBS has fueled fears that the housing recovery may stall as rates rise. Much of the boom in prices last year was in areas hit hard by distressed sales, as professional investors snapped up properties in places like Phoenix, Las Vegas and Detroit.  The 20% price increases there have probably run their course.  Rising rates would certainly end the refi boom that banks have feasted on for the past year, meaning originators will have to go back to the ground game of building relationships with realtors and focusing on purchase activity.

The worst merger in history continues to plague BOA.  They agreed to pay Fannie Mae $3.6 billion to settle repurchase claims and to repurchase another $6.75 billion of bad mortgages. Worst merger since Steve Case sold Ted Turner a bill of goods just as the internet bubble was bursting. Separately, Nationstar purchased a $215 billion servicing portfolio from BOA as well. Half is GSE / Govvie and half is private label. They paid $1.3 billion.

Republicans have declared tax increases off the table for the upcoming negotiations on the debt ceiling and the sequestration. Obama has already said that cutting spending has to go “hand-in-hand with tax law changes so that the wealthiest corporations and individuals can’t take advantage of loopholes and deductions that aren’t available to most Americans.” My guess is that he is talking about carried interest and oil “subsidies” and not about further increases in marginal tax rates or further limiting the mortgage interest deduction. Oh, and we need a clever name for the upcoming negotiations on the sequestration and debt ceiling. 

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Vital Statistics:

Stock markets are giving back a little after yesterday’s relief rally on the fiscal cliff deal.  Mortgage Applications fell 10.4% last week.  2013 forecasts are starting to trickle in from strategists – suffice it to say 1H13 looks rough, with the economy basically at stall speed. 

There is quite a bit of economic data this morning.  ADP forecast that 215k private sector jobs were created in December.  Challenger and Gray reported that announced job cuts fell in December to 32,556. Initial Jobless Claims came in at 215k. The NY ISM came in at 54.3, indicating the outlook is barely positive.  Later this afternoon, we will get the minutes from the Dec FOMC meeting.

Corelogic reported that shadow inventory – properties that are seriously delinquent, in foreclosure, or are REO that are not listed for sale – fell 12% in October to 2.3 million units, representing 7 month’s supply.  Almost half of the properties are delinquent and not foreclosed.  The real question is how much this inventory will depress prices.  Given that many of these units are in judicial states, the supply will be dripped out slowly. Also, if a home has been vacant for several years, it develops problems that make the repairs more than the property is worth.  So, while it is in inventory, it is probably worth very little and isn’t competing with the homes that most normal homebuyers are focused on. 

So now that we have the fiscal cliff uncertainty out of the way, the markets should continue to rally, right?  We, according to business leaders, no.  And since the deal does not reduce debt, we are in danger of a downgrade, according to Moody’s. The debt ceiling also was a taste of what is to come, with 3 gating items in the near future – the debt ceiling, the continuing resolution, and the sequestration.  Obama has already laid a marker down saying that it can’t be “all spending cuts.”  Given that Republicans have already made the tax hike concession, they are likely to take a tough negotiating stance on these items. So it could get ugly.

How did Obama get Boehner on board for tax increases?  A simple warning.  Stop opposing higher taxes for top earners or I will dedicate my second term to blaming Republicans for the global recession. And, blame is one of Obama’s many talents.

Latest investment outlook from Bill Gross – Money for Nothin’ Writing Checks for Free.  The basic idea is that right now, the government is financing its deficit more or less for free.  Why?  Because the Fed is buying the treasuries (or at least 80%) through QE, and by statute, it gives its profit or losses back to the government.  So the government is basically (in a roundabout way) paying interest to itself. Bill goes on to point out that this has been done before, and it has always ended badly. In the long run, inflation will rear its ugly head.  Of course Paul Krugman would echo Keynes and say “in the long run, we are all dead.”  Bill also makes the good Austrian point – that Krugman has no answer for – that the unintended consequences of QE include mal-investments that will sow the seeds for the next bust.  You can view this debate here.

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Vital Statistics:

Markets are higher this morning after the government reached a compromise on the fiscal cliff.  It turned out the bond market (which was refusing to rally in spite of the setbacks along the way) was correct in its forecast.  When stocks and bonds are telling you different things, listen to the bond market –  it is usually right.  The 10-year is at the top of its recent 1.55 – 1.85 trading range.  MBS are down.

The House passed the Senate compromise on the fiscal cliff late last night, taking income tax hikes for most people off the table (although taxes are going up for everyone with a job).  Here are the main effects:

• Tax rates will increase to the Clinton level rates for incomes over 450k
• Limits on itemized deductions kick in at incomes > 300k
• Capital Gains and Dividends rise to 20% for incomes over that threshold
• Estate tax set at 40%, with a $5 million threshold that will be indexed to inflation
• The sequester will be delayed for 2 months
• the AMT will be permanently patched and indexed for inflation.
• Extended unemployment benefits continue

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Vital Statistics:

Stock index futures are lower on pessimism about a budget deal. Obama will meet with Congressional leaders today to see if they can hammer out a deal. The House will meet on Sunday night. The same story remains – stocks are worried about going over the cliff, while the bond market seems skeptical.  For a laugh, check out Rick Santelli’s rant about the way the markets are handicapping it. 

One other possible headwind for the economy in Q1 – a longshoreman’s strike that would close cargo ports on the Eastern Seaboard and the Gulf Coast. This would not only limit raw material supplies to US factories, it would also push many logistics workers, truck drivers, etc on to the unemployment rolls. Some economists estimate that a strike could cost the US economy $1 billion a day. Will Obama risk alienating his labor base to intervene?  Fun fact:  the average compensation for a longshoreman in $124k.

Yesterday’s consumer confidence numbers took a step downward, and seem to back up reports that this year’s holiday sales were weak.The outlook for business conditions and labor markets fell. 

Chart:  Conference Board Consumer Confidence:

 In spite of the pessimism over the fiscal cliff, luxury homes priced over $1 million are making a comeback. Sales have risen by 9% for the first 9 months of 2012.  Strong foreign demand has been driving up prices in Manhattan and the Hamptons. In terms of foreclosures over $1 million, the NYC suburbs hold 4 out of the top 10 zip codes, with New Canaan taking the lead.  This is still the wreckage from the bust, where lots of $1 million a year guys lost their jobs in 2007 and haven’t worked since.

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Vital Statistics:

Markets are quiet again as desks are understaffed both in Europe and the US. Initial Jobless Claims fell to 350k, back to the bottom end of our 350k – 390k range. Bonds and MBS are down small and continue to dismiss the possibility of a cliff-induced recession.

President Obama heads back to Washington to try and craft a deal to avert the fiscal cliff. The WH seems to have backed off its proposal to increase taxes at 400k and has moved back to 250k. It is looking more and more like we will go over the cliff on Jan 1 and then pass some sort of tax cut package soon thereafter.  Treasury informed Congress that we will hit the debt limit on Monday, but they can play some games to keep the government funded through Feb.

Of course, once we climb the fiscal cliff, we will go right into the battle of the debt ceiling. Moody’s has already fired a shot across the bow, saying that they expect the government to raise the limit, but they may downgrade the U.S.’s credit rating unless we get a decrease in the debt / GDP ratio.

Yesterday’s WSJ report on possible new initiatives to mitigate the effects of the housing bust have already been met with skepticism. The first plan involved allowing deeply underwater non-agency loans to refi into Fan and Fred loans.  James Pethokousis of the American Enterprise Institute points out that allowing the GSEs to refi underwater non-agency mortgages is a non-starter with virtually all Republicans and many Democrats as it shifts risk from the private sector to the public sector.  Plus, you have to get the originators on board, and they won’t make 125%+ LTV loans without some sort of safe harbor against buyback risk.

A second plan would further expand HAMP, by changing the definition of “in danger of imminent default” to include anyone who is has a LTV over 125%, even if they are current on their mortgage. Such a move would not require Congressional approval. The American Securitization Forum is against the idea, given that these loans are worth their weight in gold.  They are current, have above-market coupons, and have virtually no chance of being prepaid for years. If enacted, investors would take an income hit (although Treasury would pay them the coupon difference for 5 years), and would see a capital loss as well. My sense is that ASF’s argument will be met with very little sympathy in the Administration, although state and federal pension funds will be quietly making the same argument as well. Still another hurdle would be servicers, who would have to buy off on the idea that modding a current loan is somehow good for the investor.

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Vital Statistics:

Markets are quiet this morning, as most of Europe is shut for Boxing Day. Bonds and MBS are flat.

Not much is happening on the fiscal cliff front, although Obama plans to cut his vacation short and return to Washington to try and hammer out a deal. Chances of any sort of grand bargain are virtually nil; all that could be accomplished at this point is some sort of fig leaf. In spite of the political and economic uncertainty, and the early indications of a weak Christmas, the bond market still refuses to price in the possibility of a recession. 

The S&P / Case-Schiller index of home values came in at  145.93 for the month of October, up 4.3% year-over-year and up 66 basis points month-over-month. The hardest-hit MSAs continued to show the biggest gains, with prices up 22% in Phoenix and 10% in Detroit. The Northeast MSAs (Boston and NY) are showing the smallest increases.

Chart:  S&P / Case-Schiller:

The Obama administration is considering expanding its mortgage-refinancing program to include underwater borrowers with non government loans.  Such a move would require legislation to change Fannie and Fred’s charters and would also involve a bump in the guarantee fee to price in the additional risk. It will also require the blessing of FHFA, which has indicated general support for the program.  Finally, it will require some sort of immunity from buy-back risk in order to get originators on board. 

A new study confirms what many have thought about high-frequency trading:  It is highly profitable and adds no value to the system as a whole. Aggressive, liquidity-taking high frequency trading (in other words, front-running) does the best. The profitability of HFT seems to be persistent – new entrants are less likely to be profitable and are more likely to exit. Speed matters above all, and that is why James Simons is so consistently profitable.

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Vital Statistics:

Markets are quiet this morning as most shops have skeleton crews on the desk.  Stock and Bond markets will be open until 1:00 pm.  There is no economic data this morning. Bonds are down while MBS are flat.

The fact that bonds have not rallied in the face of the machinations of the fiscal cliff has me scratching my head. Mohammed El Arian of PIMCO believes a recession is now more likely. If we enter a recession, we could be looking at a 1.25% 10-year.  We broke 1.4% in late July. Yet here we sit at 1.77%.  Liquidity is typically low this time of year, so you can’t read too much into it, but unless we get a deal on the cliff soon, we could be looking at a big rally in Treasuries come January.

With the collapse of Boehner’s Plan B, all attention turns to the Senate which hopes to devise some sort of band aid to prevent the worst of the fiscal cliff. In particular, Mitch McConnell has been more of an observer than a participant as negotiations have centered on the WH and House. Apparently Joe Biden has better luck dealing with the Minority Leader than Obama, and has earned the reputation as the “McConnell Whisperer.” Democrats are urging Boehner to re-enter negotiations with a bipartisan bill. Ironically, by rejecting Boehner’s Plan B, Tea Party Republicans in the House have lost their seat at the table.

Lender Processing Services is out with their first look at November delinquency numbers. Delinquencies are up sequentially, while foreclosures are down.

The Fed is disappointed that mortgage rates are not responding to the Fed’s MBS purchase program. At least the story mentions the reason – increases in guarantee fees. Most stories about this (The Washington Post is absolutely terrible on this) don’t mention the fee increase. Even the WSJ does it, by mentioning “higher fees charged by Fan and Fred” in a generic fashion, as if they are inconsequential.  People don’t understand how much G-fees matter. There is the perception in Washington that lenders are simply pocketing the difference when in reality their costs have increased. The media has glommed onto the idea that the financial industry is inherently crooked and there is no disabusing them of that.

Merry Christmas to all.

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Vital Statistics:

Stock index futures are getting crushed this morning after House Speaker John Boehner postponed a vote for Plan B, which would have raised taxes on millionaires, after he couldn’t get enough Republican votes.  He has scheduled a press conference for 10:00 am. This is probably the final nail in the coffin for a deal before the end of the year.  It also could mean Speaker Cantor.  

So, what are the options now on the fiscal cliff?  John Boehner could continue to work with the President on a deal that can garner bipartisan support in the House.  Second, the House could pass the Senate bill, with Republicans voting “present.” Finally (and probably the most likely outcome) is that we go over the cliff and immediately pass tax cuts in the new year. It goes without saying that all of this is dependent on the world not ending today.

On the economic data front, Personal Income and Spending came in better than expected.  Durable Goods were higher than expected and the Chicago Fed National Activity Index rebounded. Of course none of that matters right now. Bonds are up a point, while MBS are up 1/4. In view of what is happening in Washington, I wouldn’t want to be short bonds right now.

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