This day in history – August 31

Posted on August 31, 2013 by ScottC

2009 – ScottC and lmsinca (posting as lindaS) meet each other and have their first ever interaction on Greg Sargent’s The Plum Line (see the posts starting at 9:52pm). They continue to argue with and annoy each other 4 years later.

1990 – Playing for the Seattle Mariners, Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr. become the first father and son to ever play in the same game for the same team in MLB history. Each goes 1 for 4. Kinda cool.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_G2AnNdjBu4

1976 – Former Beatle George Harrison is found guilty of “subconscious plagiarism” for his song My Sweet Lord. He was sued by the estate of Ronnie Mack, who had written the song He’s So Fine, recorded by The Chiffons, and from which Harrison was alleged to have plagiarized. Earnings from the song are ordered to be paid to Mack’s estate. Eh….I sort of get it. Sort of. You be the judge:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rinz9Avvq6A

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VUIB41EUFA

1888 – The mutilated body of prostitute Mary Ann Nichols is found in London’s east end neighborhood of Whitechapel. Nichols is the first of five recognized victims of the infamous, and to this day still un-named, serial killer known as Jack the Ripper. If you ever go to London and are looking for something interesting to do in the early evening, do the Jack the Ripper walking tour guided by Donald Rumbelow, a renowned British crime historian. I thought it was pretty good.

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A Proposal to Shake Things Up

Posted on August 30, 2013 by markinaustin

It is time to revisit the Reapportionment Act of 1929.  That law set the number of Representatives at 435 but did not restate the 1911 provision that districts be contiguous, compact, and equally populated.  The Supreme Court eventually restored “equally populated” in the one-man one vote decisions which were key civil rights cases of the early 1960s, spearheaded by Alabama Attorney General Richmond Flowers.  We have never come back to “contiguous (and) compact.”

 
435 was set as the number because of the size of the chamber.  I suggest that limitation is a mere logistical issue that can be overcome in many ways that need not be addressed here.

 
Take the least populated state in each decennial census and give it one Rep.  Then give other states multiples rounded up so that 1.51 WY in 2010 equals 2.  Expand the House as necessary.

 
Done for 2010, the total membership of the HoR would now be 544.  CA would have 66.  TX would have 44.  NY would have 34.  FL would have 33.  Make the mandate “contiguous and compact, leaving entire municipalities and entire counties within a single district wherever possible.”

 
Shake things up a bit.  We might get Congress to actually support it because it makes for more Congressmen, each with somewhat more manageable districts for campaign purposes.  Of course, it would effectively end the gerrymander.

Filed under: California, Congress, government dissatisfaction, TEXAS | 7 Comments »

Morning Report – House prices still in historical value range 8/30/13

Posted on August 30, 2013 by Brent Nyitray

Vital Statistics:

Last Change Percent
S&P Futures 1637.3 0.6 0.04%
Eurostoxx Index 2737.1 -21.3 -0.77%
Oil (WTI) 107.9 -0.9 -0.83%
LIBOR 0.26 -0.002 -0.65%
US Dollar Index (DXY) 82 0.055 0.07%
10 Year Govt Bond Yield 2.76% 0.00%
Current Coupon Ginnie Mae TBA 104.1 0.3
Current Coupon Fannie Mae TBA 103.3 0.0
RPX Composite Real Estate Index 200.7 -0.2
BankRate 30 Year Fixed Rate Mortgage 4.47
Markets are flat after disappointing income and spending data. Bonds and MBS are more or less flat. Expect a relatively dull day, trading wise as most of the Street will be on the L.I.E. by noon.
The BEA released July personal income and spending data this morning and it was below expectations. Both rose .1%, below expectations and below June data. Since consumption is 70% of the US economy, these numbers suggest that yesterday’s 2.5% GDP estimate for 2Q was more of a fluke than a change in trend.
Cash purchases accounted for 40% of all sales as volume increased to an estimated 5.5 million pace in July, according to RealtyTrac. The national median sales price was $174,500 in July, up 4% from June and up 6% from a year ago. Median income is estimated to be at $52,100 as of the end of June, putting the median house price to median income ratio at 3.35. Pre-bubble, this ratio tended to oscillate in a range of 3.15 – 3.35, before peaking at 4.48 during the bubble. Even with the increase in house prices over the past year, housing still remains fairly valued compared to historical norms and affordability is quite high due our (still) quite low interest rates.

Budget talks between the WH and Republicans seem to be going nowhere. The President wants to replace the sequester with more taxes, which is a non-starter for Republicans. The two sides seem far apart, but how much of this is just posturing for the various bases. If Republicans dig in their heels on de-funding obamacare and Obama digs in his heels for more taxes, then we could have a problem.

Dr. Cowbell weighs in on the recent QE-withdrawal driven slump in the emerging markets. Unsurprisingly, he concludes that the problem is deregulation, which is surprising given that developed markets all over the world tightened regulation over the financial system half a decade ago. He goes on to discuss how the Asian Tigers rebounded so quickly from the crisis, which he attributes to a drop in their currencies. What is the difference between Japan’s recovery from a deflated asset bubble and, say, Indonesia’s? Hint: One followed his Keynsian prescription to the letter and the other had austerity imposed on it by the IMF.

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This Day in History – August 29th

Posted on August 29, 2013 by lmsinca

2005 – Hurricane Katrina makes landfall near New Orleans, LA, as a Category 4 hurricane on this day in 2005. Despite being only the third most powerful storm of the 2005 hurricane season, Katrina was the worst natural disaster in the history of the United States.  After briefly coming ashore in southern Florida on August 25 as a Category 1 hurricane, Katrina gained strength before slamming into the Gulf Coast on August 29. In addition to bringing devastation to the New Orleans area, the hurricane caused damage along the coasts of Mississippi and Alabama,  as well as other parts of Louisiana.

New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin ordered a mandatory evacuation of the city on August 28, when Katrina briefly achieved Category 5 status and the National Weather Service predicted “devastating” damage to the area. But an estimated 150,000 people, who either did not want to or did not have the resources to leave, ignored the order and stayed behind. The storm brought sustained winds of 145 miles per hour, which cut power lines and destroyed homes, even turning cars into projectile missiles. Katrina caused record storm surges all along the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The surges overwhelmed the levees that protected New Orleans, located at six feet below sea level, from Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi River. Soon, 80 percent of the city was flooded up to the rooftops of many homes and small buildings.

1982 – Swedish-born actress and three-time Academy Award winner Ingrid Bergman dies of cancer in London on her 67th birthday. Bergman, who was best known for her role as Ilsa Lund in Casablanca, created an international scandal in 1950 when she had a son with the Italian director Roberto Rossellini, to whom she was not married at the time.

Bergman, who was born on August 29, 1915, studied acting at Stockholm’s Royal Dramatic Theatre and became a film star in Sweden before making her first Hollywood movie, David O. Selznick’s Intermezzo: A Love Story (1939). In 1942, Bergman co-starred in Casablanca with Humphrey Bogart, who uttered the famous line to her: “Here’s looking at you, kid.” She received a Best Actress Academy Award nomination for 1943’s For Whom the Bell Tolls, which was followed by a win in the same category for 1944’s Gaslight. She was nominated for the Best Actress Oscar again for 1945’s The Bells of St. Mary’s and 1948’s Joan of Arc. Bergman worked with director Alfred Hitchcock on Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946) and Under Capricorn (1949).

In 1949, Bergman began a romance with Roberto Rossellini when he directed her in Stromboli (1950). When the actress, who at the time was married to a Swedish physician with whom she had a daughter, became pregnant with Rossellini’s child, it created a huge scandal. Bergman was even reprimanded on the floor of the U.S. Senate.

1957 – Strom Thurmond (Sen-D-SC) ends 24 hr filibuster against civil rights.  Fortified with a good rest, a steam bath and a sirloin steak, Sen. Strom Thurmond  talked against a 1957 civil rights bill for 24 hours and 18 minutes — longer than anyone has ever talked about anything in Congress.

The South Carolina senator, then a Democrat, opened his one-man filibuster on Aug. 28, 1957, at 8:54 p.m. against the bill, which he said was unconstitutional and “cruel and unusual punishment.”

Republican leader Sen. William Knowland of California retorted that Thurmond’s endless speech was cruel and unusual punishment to his colleagues.

1786 – The beginning date of Shay’s Rebellion.  A revolt by desperate Massachusetts farmers in 1786, Shays’s Rebellion arose from the economic hardship that followed the War of Independence Named for its reluctant leader, Daniel Shays, the rebellion sought to win help from the state legislature for bankrupt and dispossessed farmers. More than a thousand rebels blocked courts, skirmished with state militia, and were ultimately defeated, and many of them were captured. But the rebellion bore fruit. Acknowledging widespread suffering, the state granted relief to debtors. More significantly, the rebellion had a strong influence on the future course of federal government. Because the federal government had been powerless under the Articles of Confederation to intervene, the Framers created a more powerful national government in the U.S. Constitution.
Three years after peace with Great Britain, the states were buffeted by inflation, devalued currency, and mounting debt. Among the hardest hit was Massachusetts. Stagnant trade and rampant unemployment had devastated farmers who, unable to sell their produce, had their property seized by courts in order to pay off debts and overdue taxes. Hundreds of farmers were dispossessed; dozens of them were jailed. The conditions for revolt were ripe, stoked by rumors that the state’s wealthy merchants were plotting to seize farm lands for themselves and turn the farmers into peasants.

For more on Shay’s Rebellion

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Morning Report – 10 year still heavy 8/29/13

Posted on August 29, 2013 by Brent Nyitray

Vital Statistics:

Last Change Percent
S&P Futures 1636.7 4.5 0.28%
Eurostoxx Index 2749.8 7.2 0.26%
Oil (WTI) 109.1 -1.0 -0.92%
LIBOR 0.261 0.001 0.27%
US Dollar Index (DXY) 81.96 0.532 0.65%
10 Year Govt Bond Yield 2.82% 0.05%
Current Coupon Ginnie Mae TBA 103.7 -0.1
Current Coupon Fannie Mae TBA 102.8 -0.3
RPX Composite Real Estate Index 200.7 -0.2
BankRate 30 Year Fixed Rate Mortgage 4.47
Markets are higher this morning after some initial jobless claims came in at 331k and the second estimate for 2Q GDP came in higher than expected. The initial pass at 2Q GDP was 2.2%, while this estimate was 2.5%. We will have a final revision next month.
Between the Syria situation and the emerging markets meltdown you would expect the 10 year to strengthen and it isn’t happening. This speaks to the bearish sentiment surrounding the US bond market. Of course this could change if a big player gets in trouble with Indian exposure or we get into a shooting war in the Middle East and oil soars. But so far, the 10 year isn’t rallying under circumstances where it should. Punch line: if you are floating, you are drawing an inside straight.
Something that I haven’t dwelled on, but could become an issue – the debt ceiling fight. I don’t see a government shutdown in the cards, but the WH wants a clean, no-strings-attached hike in the debt ceiling (which is a rare event and a pretty big demand) and the Republicans want to de-fund obamacare. So, expect a lot of posturing going into October, which is when the government needs to borrow more money.
CoreLogic is reporting that there were 49,000 completed foreclosures in July, down 25% year-over-year. This is still elevated compared to pre-crisis levels, where a 21,000 pace was the norm. We are seeing the remaining shadow inventory concentrated in the judicial states, which explains why prices are rallying in the West and going nowhere in the Northeast.
FHFA is reporting that mortgage interest rates rose 45 basis points in July. These are based on lock data, which is somewhat stale, so the end of July data reflects locks made in mid-to-late June. During this time, the 10 year yield increased about 52 basis points, so it looks like spreads are compressing a bit.
Is it going to be Summers or Yellen? That is the question many market participants are asking. Summers is rumored to be the favorite and is seen as more hawkish than Yellen. As we approach the end of the year, bond investors will probably do well to read the Washington Post as well as the Wall Street Journal. Expect the bond market to become a bit twitchy and begin to react to the latest headlines in this horse race.

Filed under: Morning Report | 156 Comments »

This day in history – August 28

Posted on August 28, 2013 by ScottC

Posting this a bit early, as I think there will be no MP this morning.

1996 – After two children and 15 years of marriage, the Prince and Princess of Wales, Charles and Diana, formally agree to a divorce. The couple had already been separated for four years, and had been negotiating for over 6 months on a final settlement. Almost a year to the day later, on August 31, 1997, Diana will be killed in a car crash in Paris. Charles will eventually go on to marry his long-time mistress, Camilla Parker Bowles, in 2005. The news of the divorce produced much sadness among many followers of the British Royal family, but for those of us who have always considered the royal family to be an expensive and foolish anachronism, we couldn’t have cared less.

1963 – On the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. delivers a speech to 250,000 people who had come for the March on Washington, demanding voting rights and an end to racial segregation. The speech, popularly known as the I Have A Dream speech, will be delivered 8 years to the day of the racially charged murder of Emmett Till (see below) and will come to be seen as one of the most famous and stirring speeches in American history.

1955 – Emmett Till a black teenager from Chicago visiting family in Money, Mississippi, is brutally beaten, shot in the head, and dumped into the Tallahatchie River. His mangled body will be found 3 days later. Till was killed by Roy Bryant, the husband of a white woman with whom Till was reported to have flirted a few days earlier, and JW Milam. Till’s uncle, Mose Wright, positively identifies the two men who took Till from Wright’s house on the night of the murder, but a jury will acquit the two men nonetheless, on the grounds that the mangled body could not be positively identified as Till. A year after the acquittal, protected by double jeopardy laws, the two will admit to and describe the murder to Look magazine. Till’s murder and the subsequent outrage over the verdict is regarded as a pivotal event in the history of the then infant Civil Rights movement.

1948 – Alfred Hitchcock’s Rope opens in theaters. Inspired by the true murder committed by Loeb and Leopold, Rope depicts the story of 2 young men who, just for kicks, murder their “friend” and then hold a dinner party with the trunk holding the body as the center piece of the party. Starring Jimmy Stewart, the film is best known for the absence of many conventional cuts, as large portions of the film are shot as a single, continuous scene. Although a canister of film could only hold 10 minutes of film, several scenes last for well over 10 minutes, which was accomplished by timing movements so that as the canister ran out, an actor would walk past the front of the camera, briefly blacking it out, allowing the change of the canister to occur without an obvious cut in the action. Hitchcock apparently didn’t like the film, and called it a failed experiment, but it is one of my favorite Hitchcock films. Interestingly, the initial scene shown in the trailer below isn’t actually in the film at all.

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Today in History – August 27th

Posted on August 27, 2013 by lmsinca

2007 – Michael Vick, a star quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons, formally pleads guilty before a Richmond, VA, judge to a federal felony charge related to running a dog fighting ring. That December, the 27-year-old Vick, once the highest-paid player in the NFL, was sentenced to 23 months in federal prison.

1984 – In an effort to spark new interest in the space shuttle program, NASA began discussions on including private citizens in the space program. On August 27, 1984, President Reagan announced the official formation of the Teacher in Space Project. More than 11,000 teachers applied to be considered for the program.

Image of Teachers Christa McAuliffe and Barbara Morgan

By June 0f 1985, NASA had chosen 114 semifinalists to be the first teacher in space. This selection included two teachers from each state. Later, a review panel chosen by NASA and the Council of Chief State School Officers selected 10 finalists. On July 18, 1985, NASA chose Christa McAuliffe as the flight candidate for the program and Barbara R. Morgan as her alternate.

After the challenger accident, NASA decided to cancel the Teacher in Space Project. They also cancelled similar programs, such as an upcoming Journalist in Space program.

1952 – the New York Times front page contained three stories suggesting the impact of the Red Scare on the upcoming election. In the first story, the Republican-dominated Senate Internal Security Subcommittee released a report charging that the Radio Writers Guild was dominated by a small number of communists.

The second front-page story was a report that the American Legion was demanding, for the third year in a row, that President Harry S. Truman dismiss Secretary of State Dean Acheson for his lack of vigor in dealing with the communist threat. The Legion report declared that the Department of State was in desperate need of “God-fearing Americans” who had the “intestinal fortitude not to be political puppets.” The organization demanded a quick and victorious settlement of the Korean War, even if this meant expanding the war into China.

The third story provided a counter of sorts to the previous two stories. It reported a speech by Democratic nominee for president Governor Adlai E. Stevenson, in which he strongly criticized those who used “patriotism” as a weapon against their political opponents. In an obvious slap at the Senate Subcommittee and others, such as Senator Joseph McCarthy, Stevenson repeated the words of the writer Dr. Samuel Johnson: “Patriotism is the last refuge of scoundrels.”

The three related stories from the front page of the Times indicated just how deeply the Red Scare had penetrated American society. Accusations about communists in the film, radio, and television industries, in the Department of State and the U.S. Army, in all walks of American life, had filled the newspapers and airwaves for years. By 1952, many Americans were convinced that communists were at work in the United States and must be rooted out and hunted down.

1883 – The volcanic island of Krakatoa near Indonesia erupts on this day in 1883, killing thousands in one of the worst geologic disasters of modern times.

The beginning of the amazing events at Krakatoa in 1883 date to May 20 when there were initial rumblings and venting from the volcano, which had been dormant for about 200 years. Over the next three months, there were regular small blasts from Krakatoa out of three vents. On August 11, ash started spewing from the small mountain. Eruptions got progressively stronger until August 26, when the catastrophe began.

At noon, the volcano sent an ash cloud 20 miles into the air and tremors triggered several tsunamis. This turned out to be just a small indication, however, of what would follow the next day. For four-and-a-half hours beginning at 5:30 a.m. on August 27, there were four major and incredibly powerful eruptions. The last of these made the loudest sound ever recorded on the planet. It could be heard as far away as central Australia and the island of Rodrigues, 3,000 miles from Krakatoa. The air waves created by the eruption were detected at points all over the earth.

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Today in history – August 26

Posted on August 26, 2013 by ScottC

1968 – The Democratic National Convention in Chicago begins as thousands of protestors descend on the city to protest the on-going war in Vietnam. The 4-day convention is marked by violence, both inside and outside the convention hall, but is most noted for what a subsequent report will call a “police riot” when protestors and police clash in the streets of Chicago in front of a national television audience. Eight of the protest leaders are arrested and eventually tried in what will come to be known as the trial of the Chicago Seven. (One of the eight, Bobby Seale, is removed from the courtroom and eventually tried separately, hence the Chicago 7).

1939 – The Brooklyn Dodgers host the Cincinnati Reds at Ebbets Field and play in the first ever televised MLB game. The impetus for the broadcast was the World Fair, taking place in New York City, as organizers sought a way to show off one of their prize exhibits, a new invention called television. The broadcast involved just 2 cameras, one on the third base line that showed views of infield throws to first, and one high behind the batter showing a full field view. Although the video itself was of poor quality, with pitched and batted balls virtually impossible to actually see, the exhibition was a huge success, propelling both popular interest in the new invention and innovation to improve quality.

1839 – The slave ship Amistad is captured off the coast of Long Island after the 53 Mende captives on their way to be sold into slavery escape the hold and take over the ship. After killing the captain and several crew members, they demand that the navigator return them to their home in Africa, but the navigator, while pretending to do so, instead sails north along the coast of the US and to the tip of Long Island. The US takes the ship into custody and holds a highly publicized trial to determine the status of the Mende captives. The case eventually reaches the Supreme Court which finally rules in 1841 that the Mende were illegally transported and held, and frees them. The episode was recently popularized in the Steven Spielberg movie Amistad.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KP0hwVVUTac

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Today in history – August 24

Posted on August 24, 2013 by ScottC

1975 – British rock band Queen begins to record lead singer Freddie Mercury’s song Bohemian Rhapsody at Rockfield Studios in Wales. The song takes over three weeks to fully record, with sessions going 10 hours a day. EMI, Queen’s record company, was reluctant to release the song as a single, but eventually relented after the band secreted a copy of the song to a Capitol Radio DJ who played the song 14 times over the course of a weekend, to much praise. The song stayed on the UK charts for 9 weeks, reaching number one in 1976, and then climbing back into the top spot in 1991 following the death of Mercury. In the US, the song peaks at number 9 in 1976, but reached all the way to number 2 in 1992 after it was featured in the comedy Wayne’s World.

1812 – British forces defeat the American militia at Bladensburg, Maryland and march unopposed into Washington D.C. The British proceed to set fire to the White House, the House of Representatives, the Library of Congress and the unfinished Capitol building, as well as many private homes. The British retreat from the city 2 days later, leaving it in charred ruins.

79 – Mount Vesuvius in southern Italy erupts for the first time in centuries, destroying the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The eruption is reported to have lasted 18 hours, burying Pompeii under some 15 feet of volcanic ash and pumice, while Herculaneum is buried under 60 feet of mud and volcanic rock. During the 18th century a farmer found traces of Pompeii on his vineyard, prompting an excavation project that continues to this very day. The ash under which the city was buried preserved many artifacts, including the outlines of the bodies of the poor souls who were buried under it, in a kind of plaster mold, providing great insight into the daily life of the time prior to the eruption.
pompeii

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Today in history – August 23

Posted on August 23, 2013 by ScottC

1999 – The first cases of an encephalitis outbreak are reported in New York City on this day in 1999. Seven people died from what turns out to be the first cases of West Nile Virus in the United States.

A cluster of eight cases of St. Louis encephalitis was diagnosed among patients in the borough of Queens in New York City in August 1999. The sudden cases of critical brain swelling were found exclusively among the elderly. At about the same time, people noticed an inordinate number of dead crows throughout the city. Other birds, including exotic varieties housed at the Bronx Zoo, were also found dead.

The Center for Disease Control (CDC) was called in to investigate. They found that the West Nile virus, previously found only in Uganda and the Middle East, had been contracted by birds throughout the area, including robins, ducks and eagles. In addition to birds and humans, horses have also been known to be susceptible to the virus, which is spread by mosquitoes.

1989 – As punishment for betting on baseball, Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose accepts a settlement that includes a lifetime ban from the game. A heated debate continues to rage as to whether Rose, a former player who remains the game’s all-time hits leader, should be given a second chance.

It was known in baseball circles since the 1970s that Pete Rose had a gambling problem. Although at first he bet only on horse races and football games, allegations surfaced in early 1989 that Rose was not only betting on baseball, but on his own team. Major League Baseball Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti began an inquiry, and hired Washington lawyer John Dowd to head the investigation. Dowd compiled hundreds of hours of testimony from numerous sources that detailed Rose’s history of gambling on baseball while serving as the manager of the Cincinnati Reds, including betting on his own team.

Although Rose continued to proclaim his innocence, he was eventually persuaded to accept a settlement that included a lifetime ban from the game. At a subsequent press conference, Giamatti characterized Rose’s acceptance of the ban as a no-contest plea to the charges against him.

Rose eventually confessed in his book, My Prison Without Bars, but claimed he always bet on the Reds to win.

1979 – In the midst of an international tour and following a performance in NYC, Russian ballet star Aleksandr Godunov defects from the Soviet Unions and seeks asylum in the United States.

He studied locally and at the Bolshoi Ballet School in Moscow, graduating into the company in 1966. He quickly became a soloist and created the role of Karenin in Plisetskaya’s Anna Karenina (1972) and the leading role in Boccadora’s Love for Love (1976). He won the Gold Medal at the Moscow competition in 1973. In 1979, while the Bolshoi was on tour in America, he defected in New York, an act which led to a political confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union. He joined American Ballet Theatre, where he stayed until 1982.

In prepared statements to the press he claimed he defected for artistic reasons.

On May 18, 1995 his friends became concerned when he had been uncharacteristically quiet with his phone calls. A nurse who had not heard from him since May 8 went to his home in the Shoreham Towers, W. Hollywood, CA, where Godunov was found dead of alcohol abuse with complications from hepatitis He was 45 years old.

1963 – The Beatles release “She Loves You” in the UK.

http://youtu.be/vd1R8tIL6tM?t=1s

1877 – Texas Ranger John Armstrong arrests John Wesley Hardin in a Florida rail car, returning the outlaw to Texas to stand trial for murder.  Armstrong, acting on a tip, spotted Hardin in the smoking car of a train stopped at the Pensacola station. Armstrong stationed local deputies at both ends of the car, and the men burst in with guns drawn. Caught by surprise, Hardin nonetheless reacted quickly and reached for the gun holstered under his jacket. The pistol caught in Hardin’s fancy suspenders, giving the lawmen the crucial few seconds they needed and probably saving Hardin’s life–instead of shooting him, Armstrong clubbed Hardin with his long-barreled .45 pistol.

Technically, the Texas Rangers had no authority in Florida, so they spirited Hardin back to Texas on the next train. Tried in Austin, a jury found Hardin guilty of killing Sheriff Webb and sentenced him to life in the Texas state prison at Huntsville. He served 15 years before the governor pardoned him. Released in 1894, an El Paso policeman killed him the following year.

1784 – Four counties in what will eventually become Tennessee declare their independence from the newly formed United States and form the state of Franklin. The four counties had previously been a part of land ceded by North Carolina to the United States Congress, but when their petition for statehood fails to garner the approval of a two-thirds majority of other states, they declare their independence from the US entirely, and go on to survive as an independent nation for 4 years. Suffering from a weak economy and in fear of Indian attacks, Franklin eventually re-joins North Carolina territory.

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Don’t blame it all on Scott, LMS contributed to this post.

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